JSON with consistent fields (timestamp, level, service, trace ID, entity IDs) — grep-and-pray doesn't scale past one service; queryable logs do.
Request/trace IDs flowing through every service and job hop — the difference between 'the error is somewhere' and 'here's the exact journey.'
ERROR means action needed, WARN means degraded, INFO tells the business story, DEBUG stays off in prod — inflation trains responders to ignore everything.
No credentials, tokens, card data, or raw PII — redaction in the logging layer plus scanning, because logs leak to more places than databases do.
Skipping the discipline this article describes until an incident, audit, or stalled project forces it — every practice above is cheaper adopted early than retrofitted under pressure.
Let's discuss how we can help you with logging best practices.