Card Sorting and Tree Testing: Fixing Findability With Evidence

Findability tasks against the bare structure ('where would you find X') with success and path metrics — the navigation tested naked, before visual design can compensate or confuse.

Data-heavy applications, portals, and any product whose support tickets read 'where do I...' — findability failures masquerade as training problems.

Skipping the discipline this article describes until an incident, audit, or stalled project forces it — every practice above is cheaper adopted early than retrofitted under pressure.