Timing (sleeps instead of waits, race conditions), isolation (shared state between tests, order dependence), and environment (test data drift, third-party calls in tests).
Flaky tests move to a quarantined lane immediately — still running, not blocking — with an owner and a fix-by date; quarantine without expiry is just deletion with paperwork.
Explicit waits on conditions, fresh state per test, hermetic environments, and network stubbing at boundaries — plus deleting tests whose value never justified their maintenance.
Flake rate per suite on a dashboard; celebrate its decline like a feature shipped — because restored trust in CI is one.
Skipping the discipline this article describes until an incident, audit, or stalled project forces it — every practice above is cheaper adopted early than retrofitted under pressure.
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