Functions and managed containers for APIs, jobs, and glue; exceptions earned by sustained high duty-cycle (cost), specialized runtimes, or latency floors cold starts can't meet.
Pay-per-use wins on spiky and modest loads, loses at steady saturation — model your duty cycle before believing either camp's math.
Stateless handlers, queues between steps, idempotent processing, and externalized state — serverless punishes monolith habits and rewards event-driven ones.
Business logic isolated from platform handlers keeps the exit priced; the wrapper costs little and turns 'trapped' into 'chose to stay.'
Skipping the discipline this article describes until an incident, audit, or stalled project forces it — every practice above is cheaper adopted early than retrofitted under pressure.
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